Bellbridge Carpets, Wool Carpet and Rugs Construction Details

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Bellbridge Construction Details

AXMINSTERS
Axminster construction incorporates the same combination of warp (polypropylene) and weft (jute) as a wilton carpet, however the pile yarns are woven individually in U shape tufts rather than being drawn to the surface from the back individually by the Jacquard mechanism. While Axminster carpets allow for tremendous design flexibility (up to 8 frames/colors), the only texture possible is a cut pile. Axminster carpets are suitable for residential and commercial applications and are particularly well suited for use on stairs.

CUT PILES
Cut pile carpets in which the tops of the loops are cut to a uniform length.

CUT LOOP
Multi-level loop piles where the higher loops have been cut to give a combination of cut and loop pile

FRAMES
Frames refer to the racks at the back of a Wilton loom, which hold the yarn spools. Each frame holds a separate color: thus a 3-frame Wilton is a three-color design.

FRIEZE OR HARD TWISTS
Friezes are highly twisted cut pile carpets with relatively short fibers that curl in different directions. This construction tends to hide footprints, which makes it ideally suited for heavy traffic areas.

FUSION BONDING
Fusion bonded carpet is produced by implanting the pile yarn directly into a liquid polymer which fastens it directly to the backing. This results in very little buried yarn compared to most processes. The yarns can be closely packed, producing very high densities suitable for high-use areas. Fusion bonded carpet may be a loop construction, but most often it is a cut pile product, made by a two back process, slicing two simultaneously made carpets into mirror images.

LEVEL LOOPS
Many of BellbridgeÕs Wilton carpets are level loops. Level loop carpets are made by weaving even loops of yarn into carpet backing at both ends. This construction makes for a strong, beautiful and easy to clean carpet.

GAUGE
The density or the positioning of yarns as defined by the distance between two adjacent needle points. Normally referred to in fractions of an inch. For example 1/8 gauge has needles that are 1/8 of an inch apart.

PATTERNED LOOPS
This category comprises patterned loop carpets that are constructed by tufting yarns through the primary backing, which is then coated with latex and covered with a secondary backing for dimensional stability. The surface loops can be made level, multiÐlevel, or a combination of cut and loop to produce a wide range of sculptural effects.

PILE THICKNESS
Generally measured from the surface of the primary backing to the top of tufted yarn. Adjustments in this property can affect the pile yarn weight.

PILE WEIGHT
The weight of the pile fiber per square yard of carpet.

PITCH
Similar to Gauge in tufted carpets, Pitch is the number of warp yarns or yarn ends per unit across the width of a woven carpet.

PLY
The number of single yarns twisted together to make a final yarn. Two and three yarn plys are the norm in carpet construction.

SAXONY
Consisting of two or more fibers twisted together as a yarn, Saxonies are tightly twisted cut piles that are heat set straight.

SEMI WORSTED YARNS
Semi-worsted yarns are made by carding loose fiber into a heavy continuous sliver, which are then drawn out progressively thinner and thinner until a regular parallel shape is achieved.

SHAGS
Shags or Shag Pile carpets feature long loose yarns.

TIP-SHEARED
Tip-sheared carpets are a sculptured loop pile carpet, which removes the longest loops to create a luxurious cut pile appearance.

TUFTED CARPETS
Developed commercially in 1946 the tufting method of carpet manufacturer now represents over 90% of all carpets made. Hundreds of needles thread 600 to 2000 rows of yarn through a lightweight backing, forming loops, or tufts of a desired length. An adhesive coating is then applied to the reverse side, anchoring the tufts into place, and then a second backing is applied for extra strength.

VELVET AND CUTPILES
Velvet and cut pile carpets are usually achieved by cutting the loops of either woven or tufted products during manufacturing. The amount of texture found in the carpet normally depends on the amount of twist in the yarn. If the yarn is fine and has lower twist the result is the smooth classic look of velvet. If the yarn has a higher twist the look is more of a frieze. And if the yarn is a bit bulkier with lower twist the result is a Saxony texture.

Cut pile carpets are ideal for tailored to formal environments and are a good base for layering-on area rugs. An inherent characteristic of cut pile and velvet finish carpets is shading and tracking. Like a fine velvet fabric these surfaces will show light and dark areas during use For example imagine running your hand in different directions on a velvet fabric and the resulting shades of color. Higher twist yarns, hence frieze finish carpets, tend not to show shading or tracking due to the tight twist set in each tuft that produces a surface without an obvious pile direction.

WILTONS
Named after the town in England where this manufacturing technique originated, wilton woven carpets are produced on Jacquard machinery. This type of machinery allows individual pile yarns to be brought to the surface as the design dictates while the remaining yarns in the row remain buried. Thus the carpet is produced with underlying yarn layers. This manufacturing method provides for much greater design flexibility as well as creating a carpet with inherent strength, durability and dimensional stability. Wilton carpets can have a level loop (Brussels), multi-level loop (sculpted), cut and loop, or all cut surface texture.

Wilton carpets are more complex to produce and therefore take longer to manufacture than tufted carpets. However Wilton carpets provide unmatched design flexibility since they can be woven with multiple colors (up to 5 frames/colors) and various pile heights to create patterns and textures not possible with tufted constructions.

WOOL SISALS
Wool sisal is a category of carpet style that features earth-tone hues that emphasize the mutli-level linear texture and natural colors of natural Agave (from which sisal is derived) with the soft hand and long lasting beauty of wool.

Berber styled carpets originated from the hand woven squares of North African Tribesman who handspun yarns from the rough and undyed wools of their sheep. Today this category includes tailored loop pile to chunky loop textures that incorporate heathered yarns with flecks of natural contrasting color imitating the look of African Berber yarns. Woven Textures An emerging trend in floor fashions is texture. From simple geometric patterns to subtle tone-on-tone flat styles Jacquard weaving provides tailored precision enhancing the texture and long-term performance of this category.